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Capital punishment in Virginia
Capital punishment is legal in the U.S. State of Virginia. In what is now the Commonwealth of Virginia, the first execution in the future United States was carried out in 1608. It was the first of 1,388 executions, the highest total of any state in the union. The state has also executed the third largest number of convicts in the United States (after Texas and Oklahoma) since re-legalization following ''Gregg v. Georgia '' in 1976.
==Early History==
The first recorded execution in the future United States took place in 1608 at the Jamestown Colony in Virginia. Captain George Kendall was executed for treason.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/part-i-history-death-penalty#early )〕 Hanging was the predominant method for executions before 1909. Other methods had been used during this time — three people convicted of piracy in 1700 were gibbeted, four pirates were hanged in chains in 1720, and a female slave was burned in 1737. From 1910 until 1994, the electric chair was used for all executions.
On February 2, 1951, four African Americans (of the Martinsville Seven) were executed for rape in one case and another was executed for murder in an unrelated case—the most executions held on a single day in Virginia. On February 5, 1951, the remaining three defendants in the rape case were executed.〔Jim Iovino,"(About Virginia's Death Row http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Facts-About-Virginias-Death-Row-69644447.html )", ''NBC'', 10 November 2009.〕 The case of the Martinsville Seven led to scrutiny of racial bias in death penalties for rape in Virginia. Only Black men were executed for rape, ''de jure'' through the end of the Civil War, and ''de facto'' since the introduction of the electric chair.〔Eric W. Rise, "Race, Rape, and Radicalism: The Case of the Martinsville Seven, 1949–1951", ''Journal of Southern History'', LVIII(3), August 1992; accessed via JStor.〕
The youngest person to have been executed in Virginia was Percy Ellis, who at the age of 16 was electrocuted on March 15, 1916. Only two women, Virginia Christian in 1912 and Teresa Lewis in 2010, have been put to death by the state since it took over executions from the counties. The last execution for rape took place on February 17, 1961.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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